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Chapter 6 ms windows and open sources os file management

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6.3.2 Explain ms windows and open sources os file management


  1.    NTFS(New Technology File System)

    ·               NTFS is much more flexible than FAT.
    ·               Its system areas are almost all files instead of the fixed structures used in FAT.
    ·               Since files are used, the system areas can be modified, enlarged, or moved as is needed.
    ·              Because it is intended for multi-user environments, NTFS has much more security built in.
    ·               NTFS is not intended for small disks.
    ·               Also the amount of memory required is substantial. These system overhead requirements, which formerly limited the use of Windows NT to larger computers, have largely disappeared as a factor with newer PCs and their much larger amounts of RAM and very large hard drives.
    ·               NTFS is a high-performance, self-healing file system proprietary to Windows XP and later. Features include
    o   File-level security, compression, and auditing
    o   Support for large volumes and powerful storage solutions such as built-in RAID support
    o   The ability to encrypt files and folders to protect your sensitive data
    o   More efficient drive management due to its smaller cluster size capabilities
    o   Support for very large drives made possible by its 64-bit clustering arrangement
    o   Recoverable file system capabilities

    NTFS File Encryption


    2.       FAT (File Allocation Table)
    ·               File allocation table – where the OS records how the disk space is used.
    ·               The File Allocation Table (FAT) file system is a simple file system originally designed for small disks and simple folder structures.
    ·               The FAT file system is named for its method of organization, the file allocation table, which resides at the beginning of the volume.
    ·               The Standard file system used for DOS/Windows computers.
    ·               It uses a File Allocation Table to note which cluster or clusters a file is stored in.
    ·               If a file is stored in more than one cluster, then the cluster indicates a pointer to the next cluster for the file until the final cluster includes End of File marker.
    ·               The Directory contains entries for file names and their attributes such as file size, attribute byte, modification time and date and starting allocation unit (which is a pointer to an entry in FAT).
    ·               FAT system has been in use by Microsoft since before DOS 1
    ·               There are versions called FAT12, FAT16, and FAT32.

        FAT 16 – oldest, created for DOS, supported by most OSs’, cannot be installed on partitions larger than 2 GB, or on hard drives larger than 4GB.
        FAT 32 – supports disks from 512 to 2TB, compatible with Windows 98 and up


    Showing FAT16 in the HDD Properties Window


    Differences Between FAT and NTFS



    FAT(File Allocation Table)
    NTFS(New Technology File System)
    ·               FAT stands for File Allocation Table.
    ·               Maximum Size of partition is 2TB in FAT32.
    ·               Maximum File size up to 4GB in FAT32.
    ·               It supports only 8 characters long file name.
    ·               No Security of Data.
    ·               No File and folder Encryption.
    ·               No compression of file.
    ·               NO Fault tolerance(NO auto file repair).
    ·               NTFS stands for New Technology File System.
    ·               Maximum Size of partition is 2TB or more.
    ·               Maximum File size up to 16TB.
    ·               It supports only 255 characters long file name.
    ·               Full  Security of Data.
    ·               File and folder Encryption is available.
    ·               Compression of file is available.
    ·               Fault tolerance is available(Yes auto file repair).














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