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Types of Operating System

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State four types of Operating System

1)      MICROSOFT WINDOWS


Operating system designed and produced by Microsoft Corporation. Similar to other operating systems, Windows makes a computer system user-friendly by providing a graphical display and organizing information so that it can be easily accessed. The operating system utilizes icons and tools that simplify the complex operations performed by computers. Estimates suggest that 90% of personal computers use the Windows operating system. Microsoft introduced the operating system in 1985 and it has continued to be widely used despite competition from Apple's Macintosh operating system.
example of windows
Display of Window 8




Name
Release
date
Release
version
Editions
Build
Windows 10
29 July 2015
NT 10.0[1]
  • Windows 10 Home.
  • Windows 10 Mac 7
  • Windows 10 Enterprise
  • Windows 10 Education
  • Windows 10 Mobile
  • Windows 10 Mobile Enterprise
  • Windows 10 IoT Core
NT 10.0.10240
Windows 8.1
17 October 2013
NT 6.3
  • Windows 8.1
  • Windows 8.1 Pro
  • Windows 8.1 Enterprise
NT 6.3.9600
Windows 8
26 October 2012
NT 6.2
  • Windows 8
  • Windows 8 Pro
  • Windows 8 Enterprise
NT 6.2.9200
Windows 7
22 October 2009
NT 6.1
  • Windows 7 Home Basic
  • Windows 7 Home Premium
  • Windows 7 Professional
  • Windows 7 Enterprise
  • Windows 7 Ultimate
  • Windows Thin PC
NT 6.1.7600
Windows Vista
30 January 2007
NT 6.0
  • Windows Vista Home Premium
  • Windows Vista Business
  • Windows Vista Enterprise
  • Windows Vista Ultimate
NT 6.0.6001
Windows XP Professional x64
25 April 2005
NT 5.2
N/A
NT 5.2.3790
Windows XP
25 October 2001
NT 5.1
NT 5.1.2600
Windows ME
14 September 2000
4.90
N/A
4.90.3000
Windows 2000
17 February 2000
NT 5.0
Professional
NT 5.0.2195
Windows 98
25 June 1998
4.10
4.1.2222 A
Windows NT 4.0
24 August 1996
NT 4.0
Windows NT 4.0 Workstation
NT 4.0.1381
Windows 95
24 August 1995
4.00
  • Windows 95
  • Windows 95 SP1 (31 December 1995)
  • Windows 95 OSR1 (14 February 1996)
  • Windows 95 OSR2 (24 August 1996)
  • Windows 95 USB Supplement to OSR2 (27 August 1997)
  • Windows 95 OSR2.1 (27 August 1997)
  • Windows 95 OSR2.5 (26 November 1997)
4.00.950 A *)
Windows NT 3.51
30 May 1995
NT 3.51
Windows NT 3.51 Workstation
NT 3.51.1057
Windows NT 3.5
21 September 1994
NT 3.50
Windows NT 3.5 Workstation
NT 3.5.807
Windows 3.2
22 November 1993
3.2
Simplified Chinese only
Windows for Workgroups 3.11
November 1993
3.11
N/A
Windows NT 3.1
27 July 1993
NT 3.10
Windows NT 3.1
NT 3.10.528
Windows 3.1
April 1992
3.10
  • Windows 3.1
  • Windows for Workgroups 3.1 (October 1992)
Windows 3.0
22 May 1990
3.00
N/A
Windows 2.11
13 March 1989
2.11
  • Windows/286
  • Windows/386
Windows 2.10
27 May 1988
2.10
  • Windows/286
  • Windows/386
Windows 2.03
9 December 1987
2.03
N/A
Windows 1.04
April 1987
1.04
N/A
Windows 1.03
August 1986
1.03
N/A
Windows 1.02
May 1986
1.02
N/A
Windows 1.01
20 November 1985
1.01
N/A
  • MS-DOS


ADVANTAGE OF WINDOWS :


  • Microsoft has made several advancements and changes that have made it a much easier to use Operating System, and although arguably it may not be the easiest Operating System, it is still Easier than Linux.
  • Because of the large amount of Microsoft Windows users, there is a much larger selection of available software programs, utilities, and games for Windows.
  • Microsoft Windows includes its own help section, has vast amount of available online documentation and help, as well as books on each of the versions of Windows.

DISADVANTAGE OF WINDOWS :


  • Microsoft Windows can run between $50.00 - $150.00 US dollars per each license copy.
  • Although Microsoft Windows has made great improvements in reliability over the last few versions of Windows, it still cannot match the reliability of Linux.
  • Although Windows does have software programs, utilities, and games for free, the majority of the programs will cost anywhere between $20.00 - $200.00+ US dollars per copy.
  • Although Microsoft has made great improvements over the years with security on their Operating System,their Operating System continues to be the most vulnerable to viruses and other attacks.

2)      SUN / SOLARIS


Solaris is the computer operating system that Sun Microsystems provides for its family of Scalable Processor Architecture-based processors as well as for Intel-based processors. Sun has historically dominated the large UNIX workstation market.

As the Internet grew in the early 1990s, Sun's SPARC/Solaris systems became the most widely installed servers for Web sites. Sun emphasizes the system's availability (meaning it seldom crashes), its large number of features, and its Internet-oriented design. Sun advertises that its latest version, the Solaris 8 Operating Environment, is "the leading UNIX environment" today.
                                                                                                                
Sun emphasizes these features of Solaris:

  • ·         Its availability. Special features make it easy to add new capability or to fix problems without having to restart the system. Because it has evolved through a number of versions, it is "stable" - that is, like IBM's well-known mainframe operating system, MVS, Solaris has exercised and fixed almost any code path that might break. It can be upgraded, monitored, and controlled from a remote console.
  • ·         Its scalability. If you move to a larger processor, your applications should not only run, but run faster.
  • ·         It is built for network computing. As part of the first and most successful Web server system in history, the latest Solaris systems are built on the company's experience with early Web sites and network demands.
  • ·         It includes security features. These include support for IPSec, Kerberos, AMI, and smart cards.
    Sun solaris

    Sun solaris


    Add caption


    3) LINUX

    Linux is, in simplest terms, an operating system. It is the software on a computer that enables applications and the computer operator to access the devices on the computer to perform desired functions. The operating system (OS) relays instructions from an application to, for instance, the computer's processor. The processor performs the instructed task, then sends the results back to the application via the operating system.
    Linux OS, is a freely distributable, cross-platform operating system based on Unix that can be installed on PCs, laptops, netbooks, mobile and tablet devices, video game consoles, servers, supercomputers and more.

    Explained in these terms, Linux is very similar to other operating systems, such as Windows and OS X.




    ADVANTAGE OF LINUX :

    1.The majority of Linux variants are available for free or at a much lower price than Microsoft Windows.
    2.Linux is and has always been a very secure Operating System. Although it still can be attacked when compared to Windows, it much more secure.
    3. The majority of Linux variants and versions are notoriously reliable and can often run for months and years without needing to be rebooted.

    DISADVANTAGE OF LINUX :

    1.Although the majority Linux variants have improved dramatically in ease of use, Windows is still much easier to use for new computer users.
    2.Linux has a large variety of available software programs, utilities, and games. However, Windows has a much larger selection of available software.
    3.Linux companies and hardware manufacturers have made great advancements in hardware support for Linux and today Linux will support most hardware devices. However, many companies still do not offer drivers or support for their hardware in Linux.
     
    4)MAC OS
    Mac OS is the computer operating system for Apple Computer's Macintosh line of personal computers and workstations. A popular feature of its latest version, Mac OS X , is a desktop interface with some 3-D appearance characteristics. OS X has a modular design intended to make it easier to add new features to the operating system in the future. It runs UNIX applications as well as older Mac applications.

    Mac OS comes with Apple Computer's iMac and Power Macintosh line of computers.

    Example of MAC OS
    Example of MAC OS

    Example of MAC OS

    Example of MAC OS
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